(Excerpt from 100 Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences by Bretislav Friedrich, Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, Florian Schmaltz and Martin Wolf.

"From 1937 to 1945, the military services of Japan used chemical weapons on over 2,000 occasions, primarily in the China Theater of Operations. In contrast, there were only a few occasions of use against Allied forces in the Pacific. The primary reason for this great disparity in incidents of use was Japan's fear of retaliation in kind. While engaged in combat against military forces in China, the Imperial Japanese Army used a variety of chemical weapons without concern of retaliation in kind by the technologically inferior Chinese military, which was utterly lacking in chemical weapons and whose soldiers often lacked even basic protective gear such as gas masks. In China, Japanese military forces often found themselves at a numerical disadvantage and used chemical warfare (CW) as a means to compensate. In most instances, the Japanese used tear gas and smoke candles, but there are numerous recorded incidents of more debilitating and lethal gases also being deployed. Combat in the Pacific Theater, however, was a different matter. Japanese military forces tended to use CW while on the offensive in open terrain, such as in China; but?, when on the defensive in more restrictive environments, such as in close combat on the various Pacific islands against Allied forces, CW was not a viable option. More important was the fact that in the Pacific the Japanese were primarily up against the armed forces of the United States, which not only had the ability to respond in kind, but-it was thought-were backed by a national industrial capacity that could utterly annihilate Japan with chemical weapons should the Japanese initiate this type of warfare.")

(John Cudahy, former American ambassador to Belgium, tells the Senate foreign relations committee that Adolf Hitler "looked as if he had a malignant disease" the last time he saw him.)

(Reports of Lord Beaverbrook leaving due to health concerns were incorrect. Lord Beaverbrook did not leave office as Minister of Supply until Feb. 4, 1942, when he became Minister of War Production. He left that office on Feb. 19, 1942 and remained out of office until Sept. 24, 1943 when he became Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, an office he held until July 27, 1945, at which time he left government service permanently. He died on June 9, 1964.)

(The full President Roosevelt's Navy Day speech of Oct. 27, 1941 Which includes remarks about the sinking of USS Kearny DD-432.)

(One division takes 27,500 prisoners.)

(The Duce spoke to the front-line farmers.)